Search results for " syllogism"
showing 4 items of 4 documents
Transitive Reasoning with Imprecise Probabilities
2015
We study probabilistically informative (weak) versions of transitivity by using suitable definitions of defaults and negated defaults in the setting of coherence and imprecise probabilities. We represent \(\text{ p-consistent }\) sequences of defaults and/or negated defaults by g-coherent imprecise probability assessments on the respective sequences of conditional events. Finally, we present the coherent probability propagation rules for Weak Transitivity and the validity of selected inference patterns by proving p-entailment of the associated knowledge bases.
The Third Theory of Legal Objectivity
2013
The question of the objectivity of law rotates around the determination of the status of the norms that constitute the major premise of the practical syllogism representing the formal scheme of the justification of judicial decisions. Those who deny the objectivity of law believe that the existence and meaning of legal norms depend on the opinion of judges and jurists considered individually. The different versions of the objectivity of law reject this sceptical conclusion. The strongest versions of objectivity accepted by the different doctrines of natural law presuppose metaphysical realism and rule out the idea that what seems correct to someone can determine what is effectively correct;…
Taking Aim and Hitting the Target. Some Remarks on the Aristotelian Notion of eustoichia
2018
L’articolo è dedicato alla nozione aristotelica di eustochia (la capacità di fare buone congetture), nella convinzione che essa possa contribuire al ripensamento della nostra costitutiva precarietà. Diversamente da una lettura tradizionale che vede Aristotele principalmente come il filosofo del ragionamento deduttivo, l’articolo sostiene invece l’importanza di questa capacità cognitiva nel pensiero aristotelico. Con questo scopo, vengono analizzati i tre principali contesti in cui Aristotele fa riferimento all’eustochia: la costruzione del sillogismo (APo, 89b 10), il raggiungimento della virtù (EN, 1106b 16) e la creazione di metafore ((Rh. 1412a 13). Nonostante le evidenti differenze, que…
Probability Propagation in Selected Aristotelian Syllogisms
2019
This paper continues our work on a coherence-based probability semantics for Aristotelian syllogisms (Gilio, Pfeifer, and Sanfilippo, 2016; Pfeifer and Sanfilippo, 2018) by studying Figure III under coherence. We interpret the syllogistic sentence types by suitable conditional probability assessments. Since the probabilistic inference of $P|S$ from the premise set ${P|M, S|M}$ is not informative, we add $p(M|(S ee M))>0$ as a probabilistic constraint (i.e., an ``existential import assumption'') to obtain probabilistic informativeness. We show how to propagate the assigned premise probabilities to the conclusion. Thereby, we give a probabilistic meaning to all syllogisms of Figure~III. We…